by EleutherAI
Open source · 407k downloads · 503 likes
GPT-Neo 2.7B is an advanced language model developed by EleutherAI, inspired by the architecture of GPT-3 but with 2.7 billion parameters. Designed to autonomously generate text from a prompt, it excels at creating diverse content such as articles, dialogues, or summaries while capturing the nuances of natural language. Trained on *The Pile*, a carefully curated and diverse dataset, it demonstrates a strong grasp of English, though its performance varies depending on the specific task. Well-suited for creative, educational, or professional applications requiring fluent text generation, it stands out for its ability to produce coherent and contextually relevant responses. However, like all models of its kind, it may generate inappropriate or biased content, necessitating human oversight to ensure quality and ethical standards.
GPT-Neo 2.7B is a transformer model designed using EleutherAI's replication of the GPT-3 architecture. GPT-Neo refers to the class of models, while 2.7B represents the number of parameters of this particular pre-trained model.
GPT-Neo 2.7B was trained on the Pile, a large scale curated dataset created by EleutherAI for the purpose of training this model.
This model was trained for 420 billion tokens over 400,000 steps. It was trained as a masked autoregressive language model, using cross-entropy loss.
This way, the model learns an inner representation of the English language that can then be used to extract features useful for downstream tasks. The model is best at what it was pretrained for however, which is generating texts from a prompt.
You can use this model directly with a pipeline for text generation. This example generates a different sequence each time it's run:
>>> from transformers import pipeline
>>> generator = pipeline('text-generation', model='EleutherAI/gpt-neo-2.7B')
>>> generator("EleutherAI has", do_sample=True, min_length=50)
[{'generated_text': 'EleutherAI has made a commitment to create new software packages for each of its major clients and has'}]
GPT-Neo was trained as an autoregressive language model. This means that its core functionality is taking a string of text and predicting the next token. While language models are widely used for tasks other than this, there are a lot of unknowns with this work.
GPT-Neo was trained on the Pile, a dataset known to contain profanity, lewd, and otherwise abrasive language. Depending on your usecase GPT-Neo may produce socially unacceptable text. See Sections 5 and 6 of the Pile paper for a more detailed analysis of the biases in the Pile.
As with all language models, it is hard to predict in advance how GPT-Neo will respond to particular prompts and offensive content may occur without warning. We recommend having a human curate or filter the outputs before releasing them, both to censor undesirable content and to improve the quality of the results.
All evaluations were done using our evaluation harness. Some results for GPT-2 and GPT-3 are inconsistent with the values reported in the respective papers. We are currently looking into why, and would greatly appreciate feedback and further testing of our eval harness. If you would like to contribute evaluations you have done, please reach out on our Discord.
| Model and Size | Pile BPB | Pile PPL | Wikitext PPL | Lambada PPL | Lambada Acc | Winogrande | Hellaswag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPT-Neo 1.3B | 0.7527 | 6.159 | 13.10 | 7.498 | 57.23% | 55.01% | 38.66% |
| GPT-2 1.5B | 1.0468 | ----- | 17.48 | 10.634 | 51.21% | 59.40% | 40.03% |
| GPT-Neo 2.7B | 0.7165 | 5.646 | 11.39 | 5.626 | 62.22% | 56.50% | 42.73% |
| GPT-3 Ada | 0.9631 | ----- | ----- | 9.954 | 51.60% | 52.90% | 35.93% |
| Model and Size | MathQA | PubMedQA | Piqa |
|---|---|---|---|
| GPT-Neo 1.3B | 24.05% | 54.40% | 71.11% |
| GPT-2 1.5B | 23.64% | 58.33% | 70.78% |
| GPT-Neo 2.7B | 24.72% | 57.54% | 72.14% |
| GPT-3 Ada | 24.29% | 52.80% | 68.88% |
TBD
To cite this model, use
@software{gpt-neo,
author = {Black, Sid and
Leo, Gao and
Wang, Phil and
Leahy, Connor and
Biderman, Stella},
title = {{GPT-Neo: Large Scale Autoregressive Language
Modeling with Mesh-Tensorflow}},
month = mar,
year = 2021,
note = {{If you use this software, please cite it using
these metadata.}},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {1.0},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.5297715},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297715}
}
@article{gao2020pile,
title={The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modeling},
author={Gao, Leo and Biderman, Stella and Black, Sid and Golding, Laurence and Hoppe, Travis and Foster, Charles and Phang, Jason and He, Horace and Thite, Anish and Nabeshima, Noa and others},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.00027},
year={2020}
}